Role of Ring Finger Protein 213 in Moyamoya Disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to help people comprehensively understand the research advances related to ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) in moyamoya disease (MMD) and to understand the disease at the molecular level to provide a new perspective of the diagnosis of the disease.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>This review was based on data in articles published between 2005 and 2015 that were retrieved from the PubMed database. The search terms included RNF213, MMD, intracranial major artery stenosis /occlusion (ICASO), genotype, phenotype, mutant and variants, and the combinations of these terms.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>Articles related to MMD and RNF213 were selected for review, and we also reviewed publications related to ICASO.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RNF213 is not only associated with MMD but also associated with intracranial major artery stenosis. In addition, RNF213 variants exhibit apparent ethnic diversity; specifically, the c.14576G>A variant is mainly detected in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese populations, particularly the latter population. The genotypes of RNF213 correlate with the phenotypes of MMD; for example, the homozygous c.14576G>A variant is associated with early-onset, severe symptoms, and an unfavorable prognosis. Furthermore, the RNF213 c.14576G>A variant should be considered during the diagnosis of MMD because no patients with quasi-MMD have been reported to carry the RNF213 c.14576G>A variant whereas 66 of 78 patients with definite MMD have been found to carry this variant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The growing literature demonstrates that MMD is primarily caused by the synergy of genetic and environmental factors, and unknown genetic modifiers might play roles in the etiology of MMD. Further research should be conducted to clarify the pathogenic mechanism of MMD.</p>

Three-dimensional Fluoroscopy-based Navigation for the Pedicle Screw Placement in Patients with Primary Invasive Spinal Tumors / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Although pedicle screw placement (PSP) is a well-established technique for spine surgery, the treatment of patients with primary invasive spinal tumor (PIST) has high surgical risks secondary to destroyed pedicles. Intraoperative three-dimensional fluoroscopy-based navigation (ITFN) system permits safe and accurate instrumentation of the spine with the advantage of obtaining intraoperative real-time three-dimensional images and automatic registration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of PSP using ITFN system for patients afflicted with PIST in the thoracic spine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-one patients diagnosed with PISTs were retrospectively analyzed, and 157 pedicles screws were implanted in 23 patients using the free-hand technique (free-hand group) and 197 pedicle screws were implanted in 28 patients using the ITFN system (ITFN group). Modified classification of Gertzbein and Robbins was used to evaluate the accuracy of PSP, and McCormick classification was applied for assessment of neurological function. Demographic data and factors affecting accuracy of screw insertion were compared using independent t-test while comparison of accuracy of screw insertion between the two groups was analyzed with Chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 51 patients, 39 demonstrated improved neurological status and the other 12 patients reported that symptoms remained the same. In the free-hand group, 145 screws (92.4%) were Grade I, 9 screws (5.7%) were Grade II, and 3 screws (1.9%) were Grade III. In the ITFN group, 192 screws (97.4%) were Grade I, 5 screws (2.6%) were Grade II, and no Grade III screw was detected. Statistical analysis showed that the accuracies of pedicle screws in the two groups are significantly different (χ2 = 4.981, P = 0.026).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The treatments of PISTs include total tumor resection and reconstruction of spine stability. The ITFN system provides a high accuracy of pedicle screw placement.</p>

MAGI3 Suppresses Glioma Cell Proliferation via Upregulation of PTEN Expression / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 3 (MAGI3) in glioma cell proliferation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression levels of MAGI3 and PTEN were assessed in glioma samples by Western blotting. MAGI3 was stably transfected into C6 glioma cells to obtain C6-MAGI3 cells. Then, the proliferation, the expression levels of MAGI3 and PTEN, and Akt phosphorylation were evaluated in C6 and C6-MAGI3 cells. Xenograft tumor models were established by subcutaneous injection of C6 and C6-MAGI3 cells into nude mice, and the growth rates of xenografts in the mice were compared. The potential role of MAGI3 expression in PI3K/Akt signaling activation was further investigated by examining the correlation between MAGI3 expression and the expression of PI3K/Akt signaling downstream target genes in a glioma dataset using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression levels of MAGI3 and PTEN were significantly downregulated in gliomas. Overexpression of MAGI3 in the glioma C6 cell line upregulated PTEN protein expression, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, and suppressed cell proliferation. MAGI3 overexpression also inhibited the growth of C6 glioma tumor xenografts in nude mice. Analysis based on the GEO database confirmed the negative correlation between activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and MAGI3 mRNA levels in human glioma samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The loss of MAGI3 expression in glioma may enhance the proliferation of glioma cells via downregulation of PTEN expression, leading to the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. MAGI3 is a potential glioma suppressor.</p>

Severe pathological manifestation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy correlates with poor outcome from cerebral amyloid angiopathy related intracranial hemorrhage / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is one of the main causes of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). No established link is available between pathological scores of CAA and its outcome. This study aimed to identify the correlations between pathological severity and poor postoperative outcome in the Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between May 2006 and April 2011, 367 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for CAA-related ICH in 71 hospitals throughout the mainland of China were enrolled in this study. Twelve months after surgery, we evaluated these patients' outcomes according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and statistically correlated risk factors (demographics, medical history, pathological results, and surgical details) that are associated with a favorable (mRS < 3) and poor (mRS ≥ 3) outcome groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Risk factors for poor postoperative outcome in 367 patients with CAA-related ICH included advanced age (OR 1.034, 95%CI 1.001 - 1.067, P = 0.042), CAA pathology severity (OR 2.074, 95%CI 7.140 - 16.25, P < 0.001), lobar hematoma (OR 0.225, 95%CI 0.104 - 0.486, P < 0.001), presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (OR 0.478, 95%CI 0.229 - 1.001, P = 0.050), and/or subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR 2.629, 95%CI, 1.051 - 6.577, P = 0.039).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Poor postoperative outcome of patients with CAA-related ICH was more related to the severe pathological manifestation instead of other factors. Prior ischemia may present an early stage of CAA.</p>

Clinical values of intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence video angiography with Flow 800 software in cerebrovascular surgery / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Microscope-integrated near-infrared indocyanine green video angiography (ICG-VA) has been used in neurosurgery for a decade. This study aimed to assess the value of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography with Flow 800 software in cerebrovascular surgery and to discover its hemodynamic features and changes of cerebrovascular diseases during surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 87 patients who received ICG-VA during various surgical procedures were enrolled in this study. Among them, 45 cases were cerebral aneurysms, 25 were cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and 17 were moyamoya disease (MMD). A surgical microscope integrating an infrared fluorescence module was used to confirm the residual aneurysms and blocking of perforating arteries in aneurysms. Feeder arteries, draining veins, and normal cortical vessels were identified by the time delay color mode of Flow 800 software. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded. All data were analyzed by SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). T-test was used to analyze the hemodynamic features of AVMs and MMDs, the influence on peripheral cortex after resection in AVMs, and superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass in MMDs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The visual delay map obtained by Flow 800 software had more advantages than the traditional playback mode in identifying the feeder arteries, draining veins, and their relations to normal cortex vessels. The maximum fluorescence intensity (MFI) and the slope of ICG fluorescence curve of feeder arteries and draining veins were higher than normal peripheral vessels (MFI: 584.24±85.86 vs. 382.94 ± 91.50, slope: 144.95 ± 38.08 vs. 69.20 ± 13.08, P < 0.05). The arteriovenous transit time in AVM was significantly shorter than in normal cortical vessels ((0.60 ± 0.27) vs. (2.08 ± 1.42) seconds, P < 0.05). After resection of AVM, the slope of artery in the cortex increased, which reflected the increased cerebral flow. In patients with MMD, after STA-MCA bypass, cortex perfusion of corresponding branches region increased and local cycle time became shorter.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intraoperative ICG video angiography combined with hemodynamic parameter analysis obtained by Flow 800 software appears to be useful for intraoperative monitoring of regional cerebral blood flow in cerebrovascular disease.</p>

Application of intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuronavigation for resection of intracranial cavernous malformations in minimally invasive neurosurgery / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To analyze the reliability and clinical value of intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuronavigation for resection of intracranial cavernous malformations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2007 to December 2009, 40 cases of intracranial cavernous malformations were operated under the application of intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuronavigation. There were 18 male and 22 female, aged 18 to 58 years, with a mean age of 34.5 years. Neuronavigation was used for all patients before operation to display the three-dimensional model of nervous system and lesions, so to design the operative approach and determine the scope of the incision. Lesions were allocated by real-time neuronavigation in order to continuously verify the accuracy of operative approach during the operation, supplemented by real-time monitoring of intraoperative ultrasound to guide the process of surgery and determine the extent of resection of lesions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The registration error of neuronavigation was 1.3 - 3.2 mm, with an average of 2.0 mm. All the patients' three-dimensional model of nervous system and lesions were satisfactorily displayed, and the area of lesions were all accurately located. Structural brain-shifts occurred in 4 cases in the remove process of the lesion, with shift degree 5.0 - 10.0 mm, and were corrected by intraoperative ultrasound. All lesions were well displayed by intraoperative ultrasound. Gross total resection was achieved in all patients, with no patient infected or dead. Neurological deterioration was seen in 2 patients, the morbidity was 5.0%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The combination of neuronavigation and intraoperative ultrasound for resection of intracranial cavernous malformations can provide valuable intraoperative informations of the location and resection level of the lesion, thereby maximize the accuracy of lesion localization and the extent of resection, with less complications and enhanced efficacy of the surgery.</p>

Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs by microarray: a possible role for microRNAs gene in medulloblastomas / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding regulatory RNAs whose aberrant expression may be observed in many malignancies. However, few data are yet available on human primary medulloblastomas. This work aimed to identify that whether miRNAs would be aberrantly expressed in tumor tissues compared with non-tumorous cerebellum tissues from same patients, and to explore a possible role during carcinogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A high throughput microRNA microarray was performed in human primary medulloblastoma specimens to investigate differentially expressed miRNAs, and some miRNAs were validated using real-time quantitative RT-PCR method. In addition, the predicted target genes for the most significantly down- or up-regulated miRNAs were analyzed by using a newly modified ensemble algorithm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine miRNA species were differentially expressed in medulloblastoma specimens versus normal non-tumorous cerebellum tissues. Of these, 4 were over expressed and 5 were under expressed. The changes ranged from 0.02-fold to 6.61-fold. These findings were confirmed using real-time quantitative RT-PCR for most significant deregulated miRNAs (miR-17, miR-100, miR-106b, and miR-218) which are novel and have not been previously published. Interestingly, most of the predicted target genes for these miRNAs were involved in medulloblastoma carcinogenesis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MiRNAs are differentially expressed between human medulloblastoma and non-tumorous cerebellum tissue. MiRNAs may play a role in the tumorigenesis of medulloblastoma and maybe serve as potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies in future.</p>

Laser Doppler flowmeter study on regional cerebral blood flow in early stage after standard superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery for moyamoya disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Standard superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery is an effective treatment for moyamoya disease, but recent evidence suggests that postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion can occur. In this study, the trendline of changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after surgery were continually monitored near the site of anastomosis in order to investigate both the efficacy of the procedure for improving rCBF and the possible risk of hyperperfusion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Standard STA-MCA bypass surgery was performed on 13 patients. rCBF was measured continually using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) until the 5th day after the operation with the LDF probe implanted adjacent to the area of the anastomosis. The trendline of rCBF changes postoperatively was recorded for the analysis performed using SPSS 13.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The baseline LDF value of cortical rCBF was (84.68 + or - 14.39) perfusion unit (PU), which was linear relative to absolute perfusion volume before anastomosis and (88.90 + or - 11.26) PU immediately after anastomosis (P > 0.05). The value changed significantly from before to after anastomosis (P < 0.05); it was (417.72 + or - 21.35) PU on the 1st day after surgery, and (358.99 + or - 18.01) PU, (323.46 + or - 17.38) PU, (261.60 + or - 16.38) PU and (375.72 + or - 18.45) PU on the following 4 days, respectively. The rCBF decreased gradually from the 2nd day until the 4th postoperative day, but still was at a high level (P < 0.05). However, on the 5th postoperative day the rCBF increased again to the second highest level, which was significantly different compared with the baseline value (P < 0.05), but not significantly different compared with the values on the other 4 days (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>STA-MCA anastomosis improves the cerebral blood supply significantly in the early stage after surgery, however, the risk of symptomatic hyperperfusion may exist, which may possibly occur on the 1st day and 5th day after surgery. A LDF is useful for postoperative monitoring for both the efficacy of bypass and possible risk of neurologic deterioration or bleeding from hyperperfusion.</p>

Sphenoid wing meningioma en plaque: report of 37 cases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Sphenoid wing meningioma en plaque is a special morphological subgroup of intracranial meningiomas, defined by a carpet-like, soft tissue component that infiltrates the dura and invades the sphenoid wing and orbit associated with a significant hyperostosis. This report summarized our experiences in 37 patients with sphenoid wing meningioma en plaque who had been treated with transcranio-orbital approach surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was made on clinical manifestations, neuroradiological features, and operative techniques in 37 patients undergoing transcranio-orbital approach from Sep. 1998 to Apr. 2009. Patients ages: 16 years to 67 years, 45.5 years in average; sex: 15 males, 22 females. Chief complaints were progressive proptosis and visual acuity deficits. All patients were operated on using a fronto-temporal approach with orbital decompression. The extent of tumor resection and postoperative complications were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Simpson grade II resection was achieved in 9 patients, Simpson grade III in 22 patients and Simpson grade IV in 6 patients. Pathological examination showed 27 (73%) patients were meningothelial meningiomas. After surgery, proptosis improved in all patients, visual acuity improved in 18 patients (69%). Temporary ophthalmoplegia was found in 8 patients, cerebrospinal fluid leak was found in 1 patient. Duration of follow up was from 3 months to 9 years, tumor recurred in 7 patients, and 5 patients underwent second surgery, including two trans-nasal endoscopic surgeries to resect sphenoid sinus-involved tumor. There were no operation-related deaths or other significant complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Sphenoid wing meningioma en plaque, mainly meningothelial meningiomas, are more likely to produce adjacent hyperostosis and have characteristic radiological appearances. All the hyperostosis bone of the great wing of sphenoid bone should be removed to prevent recurrence. Extensive tumor removal with bony decompression at the orbital apex can produce satisfactory cosmetic and functional outcome. Close co-operation between the neurosurgeons and the ophthalmologists is important.</p>

Postoperative recovery from posterior communicating aneurysm complicated by oculomotor palsy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Oculomotor palsy is a common complication in patients with posterior communicating aneurysm. This study was conducted to investigate the postoperative recovery of patients with posterior communicating aneurysm complicated with oculomotor palsy and to analyze the factors influencing length of recovery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2000 to 2006, 148 patients with posterior communicating aneurysm were treated at our hospital, with 74 of them having concurrent unilateral oculomotor palsy. All of the patients underwent craniotomy after the diagnosis by means of whole-brain digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The patients were divided into two groups for observation of postoperative recovery during the follow-up period. Patients in group A were treated with simple pedicle clipping of the aneurysm while patients in group B were treated with pedicle clipping of the aneurysm and decompression of the oculomotor nerve.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 40 patients in group A, 20 underwent surgery within 14 days and completely recovered from oculomotor palsy in 10 - 40 days. Fourteen patients underwent surgery within 14 - 30 days, of whom 12 completely recovered within 30 - 90 days and 2 cases recovered incompletely. The remaining six patients underwent surgery after more than 30 days; of these, four patients recovered completely and two recovered incompletely. Of the 34 cases in group B, 15 underwent surgery within 14 days and completely recovered from oculomotor palsy in 10 - 40 days. Sixteen patients underwent surgery in 14 - 30 days, of whom 14 completely recovered in 30 - 90 days and 2 recovered incompletely. The remaining three patients underwent surgery after more than 30 days, of whom two patients recovered completely and one recovered incompletely.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with unilateral oculomotor palsy induced by posterior communicating aneurysm are important to full postoperative recovery of the oculomotor nerve. No correlation was found, however, between decompression of the oculomotor nerve, such as excision or puncture of the aneurysm, and postoperative recovery time.</p>

Clinical and pathological changes in cerebral arteriovenous malformations after stereotactic radiosurgery failure / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Stereotactic radiosurgery is an alternative to resection of intracranial cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), while it will fail in some cases. This study aimed to evaluate the changes after stereotactic radiosurgery for AVMs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nineteen cases with cerebral AVMs had failure after stereotactic radiosurgery therapy. The symptoms and angiography were assessed. All patients underwent microsurgery. Pathologic examination was performed for all cases and electron microscopic examination was carried out in 6 patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven cases had hemorrhage from 12 to 98 months after stereotactic radiosurgery, 5 had headache, 4 had refractory encephalon edema, 2 had epilepsy as a new symptom and 1 had a pressure cyst 5 years after radiosurgery. Angiography in 18 cases, 8 - 98 months after radiation therapy, demonstrated no significant changes in 5 cases, slight reduction in 9, near complete obliteration in 1 and complete obliteration in 3. An abnormal vessel was found on pathologic examination in 17 cases, even one case had obliterated in angiography. Electron microscopy examination showed vessel wall weakness, but the vessels remained open and blood circulated. One case died because of a moribund state before surgery. The other 18 cases had no new neurological deficiencies, seizure control and no hemorrhage occurred after microsurgery at an average follow-up of 3 years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Stereotactic radiotherapy for AVMs should have a long period follow-up. If serious complications occur, microsurgery can be performed as salvage treatment.</p>

Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of patients with giant intracranial aneurysms / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Compared with smaller aneurysms, giant intracranial aneurysms (GICAs) have a poorer prognosis and require more meticulous surgical planning and techniques to exclude them from the circulation. GICAs continue to challenge the limits of neurosurgical techniques. A series of 170 patients with GICAs were reviewed for understanding the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment and outcomes of patients with GICAs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Collected data of 170 consecutive patients with GICAs from January 1995 to July 2007 were analyzed. The clinical characteristics in this study included age, sex, intracranial aneurysms size, the first presentations, locations and Hunt & Hess grade. Surgical methods included direct clipping of the aneurysm neck, parent artery reconstruction, proximal artery ligation, trapping and wrapping. Surgical results were evaluated postoperatively by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GICAs were more commonly diagnosed at age 30 to 50 years with a mean age of 39.3 years and without obvious gender preponderance in our study (88 male and 82 female patients). The size of the GICAs ranged from 2.5 cm to 8.0 cm (mean, 2.9 cm). Hemorrhage (41%), mass effect (34%) and headache (12%) were the first 3 most common presentations. Regarding the Hunt & Hess classification, at admission there were 100 cases in grade 0, 24 in grade 1, 21 in grade 2, 16 in grade 3, 8 in grade 4 and 1 in grade 5. There were 84 cases of GICAs treated by direct neck-clipping, 47 by parent artery reconstruction, 19 by proximal artery occlusion (with 4 combined with revascularization), 18 by trapping and 2 by wrapping. The follow-up study (ranging from 6 to 115 months, mean 32 months) showed good results in 108 cases, moderate disability in 26 and severe disability in 15 according to GOS. Six cases died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Surgical treatment is an effective treatment for GICAs. Surgical strategies should be made carefully and individually. Doppler ultrasonography, neuroendoscope and intraoperative angiography are useful to perfect surgical results.</p>

The application of ultrasound in the management of cerebral arteriovenous malformation / 神经科学通报·英文版

Ultrasound is used in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Several parameters including flow velocity, flow volume, resistance index, pulsatility index, vasomotor reactivity and their influencing factors are reviewed. The applications of ultrasound in the preoperative evaluation, intraoperative monitor and postoperative follow-up of AVM, are summarized. Although some limits exist, ultrasound can provide more reliable information about AVM, if lesions are classified according to their characteristics, compared in different conditions between preoperation and postoperation, feeding and non-feeding side, patients and healthy adults, and if ultrasound method is combined with other examinations and different developed ultrasound techniques. With the appearance and development of new ultrasound technique, its application will be wider in management of AVM.

Clinical and pathological characteristics of primary intraspinal hemangiopericytoma and choice of treatment / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Primary intraspinal hemangiopericytoma is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Surgery is the main therapeutic procedure for this lesion. This clinical research was undertaken to analyze the pathological characteristics, clinical course, and the choice of treatment for this lesion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-three patients with primary intraspinal hemangiopericytomas were treated from 1987 to 2004. The clinical and imaging features, pathological findings, therapeutic procedures, and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Primary intraspinal hemangiopericytoma is more likely to attack middle-aged persons. The tumor mainly manifests as muscle weakness and sensor abnormalities. Microscopic examination showed slit-like vascular spaces and oral- or spindle-shaped cells with slightly acidic cytoplasm and oral nuclei. Tumors were subtotally resected in 11 patients, subtotally resected with postoperative radiotherapy in 4, totally resected in 5, and totally resected with postoperative radiotherapy in 3. Two patients were given spinal stabilization after total resection. Recurrence and metastatic rates were 50% and 0 in intradural patients. They were 73% and 27% in extradural patients, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The tumor should be resected en bloc with the neighboring dural mater to reduce recurrence and metastasis. Patients with subtotal resection need adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients with evident spinal involvement may benefit from spinal stabilization. The prognosis of the lesion arising from the dural mater is better.</p>

Surgical Treatment of Intracranial Angiographically Occult Vascular Malformations Hemorrhage:40 Cases Report / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo review the surgical technique and outcome of intracranial angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVM) hemorrhage. Methods40 patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage episodes and accepted microsurgery were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsAll AOVMs were successfully resected. No operative death occurred.36 patients were followed up for mean 28 months. CT and/or MRI revealed no residual lesions. Most neurological complications improved postoperatively. 1 case demonstrated rebleeding in surgical site 48 months after operation. Another case, a follow-up MRI scan revealed a contralateral denovo lesion 44 months after operation.ConclusionA current neurosurgical procedure is a satisfactory method to prevents AOVMs rebleeding. Long-term follow-up evaluation is necessary despite the lesion has been totally resected.

COL3A1、COL1A2 Genes and Intracranial Aneurysms / 国际脑血管病杂志

Tae formation,development and rupture of intracranial aneurysms result from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.The genetic mode may be nonclassical Mendelian inheritance for most patients with intracranial aneurysms.Studies have shown that COL3A1 and COLI A2 genes of the coded main extracellular matrix proteins in the arterial walls are closely associated with intracranial aneurysms.

Protective efficacy and probable mechanism of ulinastatin in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether ulinastatin can alleviate the side effect in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy,and to explore the probable mechanism of its protective efficacy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty consecutive patients with gastrointestinal cancer who underwent surgical operations from May 2004 to October 2004 were recruited. The patients were randomly divided into therapeutic group and control group, receiving ulinastatin 150,000 U per day or 250 ml hydrochloric sodium before chemotherapy for 5 continuous days respectively. The prevalence of side effects and the levels IL-6 and TNF-alpha were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no differences in the clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups. The prevalences of white blood cell decline (41.2% versus 13.1%), pigmentation (23.5% versus 4.3%), baldness (17.6% versus 4.3%) were higher in the control group than those in therapeutic group (all P< 0.05). In therapeutic group, IL-6 level was significantly decreased after ulinastatin treatment, but not in the control group while the levels of TNF-alpha were not changed in the both groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ulinastatin can reduce the common side effects of chemotherapy, and the mechanism may be associated with the decrease of IL-6.</p>

Clinical and pathological characteristics of septum pellucidum tumor and choice of surgical approaches for its resection / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Tumor involving the septum pellucidum is uncommon. Surgery as the main therapeutic procedure for this lesion is a challenge to neurosurgeons. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and pathological features of septum pellucidum tumor in 41 patients and compared the curative effects of frontal transcortical, trans-sulcal and interhemispheric transcallosal approaches.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical characteristics and the pathological features of septum pellucidum tumor were investigated retrospectively in 41 patients. The differences in postoperative residual rates, extents of tumors and resection of normal brain tissues after use of the three approaches in these patients were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Septum pellucidum tumor is more likely to attack young or middle-aged persons. The tumor mainly presents itself as a central neurocytoma or cerebral low-grade glioma in pathology and manifests as intracranial hypertension clinically. No difference was found in the extent of tumor resection but significant difference in the extent of normal brain tissue resection and in postoperative disability rate among the three approaches. The transcortical approach brought about the most serious injury to brain tissue and the highest disability rate, Whereas the frontal transcallosal approach the lightest injury and the lowest disability rate. The injury to brain tissue and the disability rate brought about by the front trans-sulcus approach were between the above two approaches.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Operation is still regarded the major treatment for septum pellucidum tumor. Transcallosal and trans-sulcus approaches are fit with the concept of minimally invasive surgery, and transcallosal approach is the first choice for septum pellucidum tumor.</p>

Correlation between APOA gene polymorphism and intracranial aneurysm / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the correlation between a pentanucleotide repeats (PNR) polymorphism of APOA and the genesis of intracranial aneurysm.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-eight patients with intracranial aneurysms diagnosed by angiography and 58 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. The gene polymorphism of APOA PNR were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and non-denatured polyacrylamide gels electropherosis (PAGE).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight kinds of gene types and 6 kinds of alleles were found in these two groups. There were two sites of sequence variance in the 5' control region of APOA gene, which were significantly different between the patients and controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Correlation may exist between intracranial aneurysm and APOA gene.</p>

Photodynamic diagnosis and fluorescence-guided resection of malignant gliomas: a report of 15 cases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the usefulness of the intraoperative photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and fluorescence-guided resection of malignant gliomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen consecutive patients with malignant gliomas received doses of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD, 2 mg/kg body weight) 48 hours before induction of anesthesia. After the tumors recognized by bare eyes they were removed routinely. The fluorescence around 690 nm excited by laser beam (wavelength 632.5 nm) was detected by laser electronic spectrum analyzer and then fluorescing tissue was removed whenever it was considered safel. Tissue samples derived from the walls of tumor cavities after resection and PDD were sent for histological examination. Compared with the result of the histological examination, the sensitivity and specificity of PDD were calculated and recorded. Early postoperative MRI or CT were done to determine the extend of the resection of the tumors. Surgical mortality and morbidity were also recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Intraoperatively, in all of 15 cases tumor areas with HPD fluorescence could be recognized by laser electronic spectrum analyzer. On the basis of 106 tissue samples derived from 15 tumors, a sensitivity of 90.6%, a specificity of 96.8% and an accuracy of 94.3% of PDD were achieved. In 2 cases the resection of residual tumor were performed after finding left tumors by PDD. Complete resection of contrast-enhancing tumor was accomplished in 9 patients (60%). Residual intraoperative tissue fluorescence left unresected for safety reasons predicted residual enhancement on MR images in 5 of the 6 remaining patients. No perioperative deaths and one case of morbidity were encountered.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intraoperative photodynamic diagnosis following resection of malignant gliomas can detect residual tumor tissue with high accuracy. Photodynamic diagnosis and fluorescence-guided resection of malignant gliomas have a positive role in improving the radicality of malignant glioma resection.</p>